Jarocin Regional Museum is a local self-government cultural institution functioning under its current name since 1971. Earlier, for 11 years, there was an Ethnographic Museum, located in the historical Small Treasury building, a remainder of the medieval seat of the owners of Jarocin. The Regional Museum inherited both the building and a collection dedicated primarily to the history of the town. The new institution, however, was meant to gather also ethnographic, archaeological, and artistic items from the entire county of Jarocin. In 1973 the Regional Museum received a statute, and thus became a professionalised entity.

In 1990 the Museum moved to its current location, i.e. the renovated city hall at the market square of Jarocin, gaining more space for exhibitions, storage, and studio. In the subsequent years the Museum developed its educational, exhibition, and research activities. In 2014 it opened the Polish Rock Granary, i.e. its second branch – the first one being the Small Treasury Gallery. Until 2005, for over 35 years the Regional Museum was managed by Eugeniusz Czarny. After his retirement, in 2006 Sebastian Pluta was appointed as the head of the institution, who remains in his office to this day. In total, the museum has seven employees.